THE ESSENCE AND CONTENT OF THE CONCEPT OF GRATITUDE (SHUKR) IN ISLAM AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN SOCIAL LIFE

Abstract

In this article, drawing on Islamic primary sources, the concept of shukr (الشكر) is examined comprehensively in terms of its meaning, historical formation, and its moral and practical interpretations. Gratitude is a high value that, in social life, enhances the culture of communication, strengthens trust and solidarity among people, reinforces a sense of responsibility and honesty, and thus contributes to social stability; at the same time, shukr has important educational significance. The theoretical framework rests on an analysis of Qur’anic verses that delineate the semantic field of shukr in relation to the categories of ni‘ma (benefaction, divine gift) and rizq (allotted provision, sustenance), while also considering its connection to the notion of responsibility. Using evidence from the Sunnah, the study outlines the normative etiquette (adab) of expressing shukr and its manifestation in social relations, particularly through gratitude toward people and the recognition of the value of beneficence received. Within the tafsir tradition, on the basis of semantic analysis, shukr is conceptualized as the unity of “heart, tongue, and deed”. Drawing on lexicographical and ethical-spiritual interpretations, as well as ethical-Sufi sources, the article elucidates the organic relationship between shukr and contentment (qanā‘a), patience (ṣabr), humility (tawāḍu‘), and spiritual elevation. The study concludes that, in Islamic thought, shukr constitutes not merely verbal gratitude but a virtue that integrates doctrinal conviction, moral normativity, and practical responsibility.