MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ABSCESSES AND PHLEGMONS IN THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION

Abstract

Inflammatory infections of the maxillofacial region remain a significant clinical challenge in dental and surgical practice. Among the most common and dangerous purulent inflammatory diseases in this anatomical area are abscesses and phlegmons. These conditions develop as a result of bacterial infections that spread through soft tissues of the face and jaws, often originating from odontogenic sources such as dental caries, periodontal disease, or complications after dental procedures. Due to the complex anatomical structure of the maxillofacial region and its proximity to vital organs such as the brain, eyes, and respiratory tract, infections in this area can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly and effectively. This article examines the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and modern treatment methods of abscesses and phlegmons in the maxillofacial region. Particular attention is given to surgical and conservative treatment strategies, including incision and drainage procedures, antibiotic therapy, and supportive medical management. The study also discusses preventive strategies and the importance of early diagnosis in reducing complications. The findings highlight that effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving dentists, oral surgeons, and infectious disease specialists. Advances in imaging technologies, antimicrobial therapy, and surgical techniques have significantly improved treatment outcomes. However, early intervention and accurate diagnosis remain critical factors for successful management of these infections.